Life in Spain in the Golden Age

The Spanish Society during their Golden Age The golden age of Spain does not exactly refer to tremendous economic growth or an excellent era of monarchial rule in peace and prosperity rather it refers to the rule of Charles II, which was characterized by the weakening of the Castile, and the deteriorating Spanish crown. According to Sedney Donell (2003), during this time, the Castilian privileged classes in various provinces of the Monarchy took advantage of the weakened Monarchy and began to take the affairs of the imperial state in their own hands, which later came to be known as the golden age of Spain (Donell 2003, p. 151). Spanish society during this time was in confusion and this was aggravated by the impact of feminization that was creating confusion on the role of men in the society. How ordinary Life was for them Life in Spain during the golden age was not ordinary as people experienced acute economin difficulty due to severe economic decline because of wars. Marcelin Defourneaux (1979) cited demographic statistics, which proves beyond doubt that â€Å"there was steep decline in the towns which formerly- and recently- had played such a vital role in the economic life of the country† (Defourneaux 1979, p. 92). Defourneaux noted during Philip II Spain’s prosperity was ruined by the waning of the Spanish economy and people had to survive mainly on land products as most of their industries had collapsed. What I could point out about Spain’s society during this time is that theirs was a stubborn society. Despite of the failures of their rulers to bring them peace and prosperity, they remained loyal to their Monarchs. A case in point was the collapsed of Charles II rule only to be replaced by a more inefficient king. Explain the Reason why Spain was like that in the Golden Age There had been several reasons why Spain was economically in distress during their golden age. Among these reasons were corruptions, wars, gender issue, and ineffective leadership. William H. Robinson and Jordi Falgas however, cited that Barcelona and Madrid suffered economic decline due to trade monopoly of King Ferdinand of Argon- Catalonia and Isabella of Castile Robinson & Falgas 2006, p. 5). All this contributed to the economic problem that Spain had suffered during their so-called ‘golden age.’ Work Cited Defourneaux, M., (1979) Daily life in the Golden Age. California: Stanford University Press. Donell, S., Feminizing the Enemy: Imperian Spain, Transvestite Dramma, and the Crises.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   USA: Bucknell University Press. Knight, C., (1840) Penny Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge. London: Encyclopedias & Dictionaries

Religion: And How it Has Changed My Life Essay

After thinking about it, I thought Wicca hasn’t really changed my life that much, at least not in concrete ways. I’ve always loved the Earth and thought of it as being beautiful and precious. I’ve always been fascinated at the beauty and mystery of the Moon and the starry sky. I’ve always found Nature to be healing in an all inclusive way that encompasses the physical, mental and spiritual realms. I’ve always believed that our minds have the power to accomplish amazing things. I’ve always thought that there is much more to this Universe than what we can see with our eyes and grasp with our minds. I rejected my family’s religion, Christianity, because despite many claims of it being filled with peace and love, I found their holy book to be filled with persecution and cruelty. I was certain that no single culture had a direct-line to the Divine, that there was no â€Å"One Truth†. I became interested in natural remedies. I celebrated the seasons in my own simple manner. In many ways, I am as I always was, and yet discovering Paganism has brought major changes to my life. When I realized that there was an actual religion whose beliefs so closely matched my own, I was filled with happiness and enthusiasm. I literally spent about a year and a half utterly consumed in learning all I could get my hands on: the lore, mythology, magick and ritual. It was fascinating, and all my spare time was devoted to gathering knowledge and attempting to incorporate what seemed true into my life. I know that I will always be learning and growing in my chosen philosophy, but it is more subtle now. I know the â€Å"basics† at a basic level. I am branching out, studying mythology to an even greater depth, using meditation and divination to know myself with ever greater understanding. I am certain that each individual’s path will be unique, but I consider Wicca to be a path more concerned with who I truly am and how I connect with this Universe. These are wonderful concepts to ponder, but how has Wicca actually affected my daily life? As I thought about the question I realized that it has affected me in subtle but myriad ways. It has become a deeply intertwined part of my life. I think it affects every aspect of my day to day existence. The small rituals, that are such a part of my daily routine now, enhance my  life and make it more more meaningful and fulfilling. When I wake in the morning I step outside and greet the Sun. I feel a moment of thanks for its warmth and life-giving rays. I read a poem or a meditation about a Goddess/God. My evening routine is similar. I go out and welcome the Night, the Moon and the Stars. I acknowledge the mystery and magic that I find intrinsic in their beauty. I try to spend as much time as possible out in Nature because I realize that such time is necessary for me. I light candles and whisper heartfelt thanks and love to my Goddess and God. But these actions, while important and meaningful to me, are things I’ve added to my life as a form of worship. How has Paganism changed my everyday, mundane existence? As I mentioned earlier, I did not have much respect for Christianity when I was younger. Learning about many different religions has helped me to realize that Christianity can be a satisfying and fulfilling path for many people. It is only in the hands of extremists that it can become a path of hatred–just as with any other religion. Wicca has helped me to be tolerant of other people’s spirituality as long as they aren’t spewing prejudice and hatred for any other religion besides their own. This didn’t happen overnight. At first I was indignant about Christianity’s attempt to destroy Paganism, the cruelty of the â€Å"Burning Times† and the intolerance that some modern day Christians show toward other spiritual paths. As I read and learned and pondered the issues, I realized that even Christianity, with its horrible history and its modern day fanatics, is a valid and rewarding path for most of its adherents. For most it is a path of love and peace. I never was too concerned about keeping my room â€Å"spotless†. I’m a bit of a pack rat, and things tend to pile up. I’m also a procrastinator, it’s easy for me to put things off until I’m in the mood to do them. Now I try to keep it less cluttered and more organized. This is a direct result of Wicca, because I don’t want negativity to gain a foothold in my home. I realize that messiness can affect the feeling of my home if only in subtle ways. I’m far from perfect, but much better than I used to be and improving with time. I often had a terrible time making decisions, especially important ones,  sometimes agonizing for days or even weeks over which choice to make. Now I’ve learned several different types of divination. These help me to know my own mind and make the best decision I can without second guessing myself or wondering if I should have chosen a different route. I hardly ever prayed before becoming Wiccan. I connected it with Christianity. Now prayer has become an important part of my life. This was something I didn’t plan. It just developed naturally. Prayer gives me peace of mind at times, gives me an instantaneous response to stressors and lets me have a spontaneous and intimate relationship with Divinity. I have always written poetry. I have become more prolific. Even if my words are only beautiful and meaningful to me, poetry adds a glorious dimension to my life. It is an amazing experience to begin writing and have the words flow onto the paper without any struggle, to realize that, in some very special moments, it is as if you are a conduit to Divinity and the words are a direct connection with God/Goddess. While I don’t believe anyone can know for certain what happens after death, I have accepted reincarnation as my personal philosophy. It just makes sense to me, and it gives me comfort and peace when I am faced with the death of others or my own mortality. I have become more calm and serene. I don’t let things bother me as much as I used to. I live more in the moment now than in worrying about the past or the future. I feel an even greater sense of gratitude for my life, the blessings that I have and the beauty and wonder of this amazing Universe. Meditation has given me much benefit, but the whole philosophy of life, that I’ve embraced in the past few years, gives my existence a deeper meaning and makes sense of things that I couldn’t understand before. I have learned spellcraft and use it to improve my life. I believe that much, of the changes that magick makes, is within ones self. It gives me a confidence and a surety that affects my whole life. I believe that to make outward changes, a person must first change their inner self. That is what  magick is to me, the ability to change myself for the better, to live in harmony with those that I love and the natural world around me. It also lets me communicate my desires to the Universe, and if it be for the greater good, I know my wishes will be granted. Perhaps in a way I hadn’t anticipated, but granted nonetheless. Of course I realize I must do the mundane work, and I never ask for more than I truly need. I am not as shy as I used to be. I love writing, but just about 5 years ago, I would have been too reticent to submit my thoughts in this essay or any other something that other eyes might see. I’m in the process of created my own website, I have been for about 2 years. This was a gigantic step for me, but I felt an almost overwhelming urge to honor my Goddess and God in this way. I joined a Pagan message board about two years ago. That was another huge step for me. It took me several months of â€Å"lurking† to get up enough courage to join, but I wanted to be a part of a community of like minded people and join in on those discussions that I found so interesting. This would have been impossible for me without all the small steps I’ve taken in the last few years. You could say that most of these things would have developed anyway as I gain the experience and wisdom that comes from living more than seventeen years. That may be true, but then again it might not. I know others my age who are torn by angst, whose lives seem filled with a steady stream of problems, who are anxious and unhappy and ever searching for what will bring them contentment and fulfillment. Perhaps it’s a matter of personality or temperament. I really don’t know, but I do know that Wicca has been a catalyst for changes that have greatly improved my personal life. My spirituality gives me a satisfaction that I searched for and couldn’t find for a long time. Wicca is an intrinsic part of me now. It affects my every waking moment perhaps not consciously, but at a deeper, more profound level. Wicca answers an abiding need deep within the very core of my being. Because I have accepted and embraced its philosophy, my entire life has been affected. I am a totally different person than I was 7 or 8 years ago, yet I  am the same in many ways. I know that’s a contradiction, but I know that it’s true also. We all change subtly with the passing of time. Hopefully we change for the better. Wicca has changed my life in both great and small ways. I believe I am a better person for it.

Foundations of Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Foundations of Business - Research Paper Example Violation of insider trading also comprise of ‘tipping’ such information and misappropriation of information. There are various cases of insider trading. The employees, officers and directors of corporate traded the securities of company after learning the confidential report of the company. Friends, family members and business associates of the corporate officials may trade the securities after receiving hidden information. The securities can also be traded by employee of banking, law and brokerage who are provided such information. The government employee can trade the securities by learning such information from their employment (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2001). 2.0 Types of Transactions Considered Insider Trading Regardless of Their Legality The information of the company is not disclosed to the public until the appropriate time. If the employees or officers in the company disclosed the material to the public before company does, then it will affect th e stock price of the company. The material may be positive or negative but is illegal to disclose to the public and it may result to the violation of the policy of company. The transaction must not take place until the next business day after the exposure of material information. The transactions which are prohibited in the company are transaction in company securities and transaction in the securities of other companies. In company securities transaction, an employee is aware of the materials and non-public information about the company. He is required not to be part of certain activities of the company. Company securities’ trading must not be done, i.e. purchasing or selling company securities. He must not advise the public to buy, hold or sell the securities of the company. The employee should not disclose the information of the company and must not guide or help anyone in any of these activities. Transaction is valid in case of emergency for raising money which is not an exemption to the prohibition made on insider trading. In other companies’ transaction in securities, an employee is aware of the non public information of other companies because of their jobs. He is not supposed to trade securities of other companies, which is the violation of other companies’ policies (Heckmann Corporation, n.d.). 3.0 Specific Conditions under Which Insider Trading Is Considered Illegal under United States’ Federal Securities Laws The laws of Federal securities prohibit insiders from benefiting from the information which have not been provided to the public. The laws do not provide permission that the member in public market should have equal information; rather it focuses upon the fact that certain persons might use their position to attain undue informational advantage over others. Under US Federal securities laws, it is unlawful for every person whether ‘directly or indirectly’, by using any methods or ‘instrumentality of interstate commerce’, by means of mails or any facilities of national securities exchange in order to perform various activities. A person should not employ any scheme, mechanism or artifice to defraud. He should not make any false statement of a

Racism by culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Racism by culture - Research Paper Example What is this survived "dinosaur" of the last eras called racism? The given work will explain the essence of the modern racism and prove that the roots of racist ideas are in the educational and cultural environment a person is brought up in. Racism is the set of views, based on the ideas of physical and intellectual inequality of human races and of the decisive influence of racial distinctions on history and culture. There is also a little broader definition of racism that can be found in encyclopedias, which state that racial signs impose decisive influence on abilities, intelligence, moral and behavioral features and traits of people’ s character (Flanagan et al 515). Racism includes the ideas about initial division of people into the highest and the lowest races, the first of which are the founders of the civilization, thus they want and should dominate over the second. â€Å"Racism is the overarching societal paradigm that tolerates, accepts, and reinforces racial inequalities, and is associated with racially unequal opportunities for children to learn and thrive. Racial inequalities result in the discriminatory treatment of people of minority status. For instance, individuals from historically marginalized racial groups may be perceived as less worthy or less intelligent than those from the majority culture. At the same time, children or communities from the majority culture are allowed to maintain their established privileged and valued status. This privilege can result in better treatment and opportunities than are afforded to others within educational systems and other social institutions. The presence of racism in educational settings harms everyone, but has the most negative and lasting impact on racial minority groups† (Racism, prejudice, and discrimination).The implementation of racist theories in practice

Week-3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week-3 - Essay Example The reason as to why I enjoy doing this is to analyze how the court interprets the law, therefore gaining an understanding on how the criminal justice system in United States of America operates. One of the jobs that I don’t enjoy doing is collecting fines, fees and forfeitures from convicted individuals. On this note, while carrying out my duties, I always work on the interesting things first. This is for the purposes of motivating me, and improving my morale so as I may work effectively on the uninteresting job that lies ahead. These interesting jobs are easy for me to handle, this is because I enjoy doing them. On this note, the first tasks accomplished during my work rounds are the easier tasks. However, during the process of my duties, there are always urgent matters and important matters (Carroll, 18). For instance, a magistrate might request for a filed case law for purposes of relying on it to make a decision. This falls under the category of an important matter. An example of an urgent situation is when there remains some few minutes to the closing of government offices, and yet a suspect wants to pay fine in order to gain his or her freedom. Failure to pay at the moment, might result to him or her spending some another day in prison. This is an urgent matter, and as an intern clerk, I would work on the urgent matter first and the concentrate on the important matter because there is sufficient time to handle the issue. Regarding on an important matter, there is no need of waiting for the deadline to approach before working on the issue (Carroll, 13). For instance, as soon as a magistrate requires a file on a previous judgment, it is my duty to look for the file and give it out as soon as possible. This will save my time, and allow me to engage on other duties. On this note, the best way to manage my time is to start by working on the interesting tasks, and thereafter move to

The Organisation & Key Aspects of its Management Structure Essay

The Organisation & Key Aspects of its Management Structure - Essay Example Sophie’s is a clothing and accessory retailer that is based in California, USA. Sophie’s was created by an aspiring fashion designer, Jin Lee who found the capital to invest from her own family. Sophie’s began in 1999 as a small retailer but soon developed its image as a leading fashion retailer that catered to the changing demands of fashion conscious consumers. It is important that Sophie’s quickly adapt to the changing demands in fashion in order to remain profitable in such a strong market that has reached its maturity. The company buys manufactured cloth and other accessories and uses it to produce fashion clothing and items for its high end consumers. Clothes are imported in the country from developing countries that produce cotton including China, Bangladesh and Mexico and bought from select importers who deal with these countries. The cloth is bought in bulk and stored in warehouses. Later the cloth is designed according to the specifications of th e designers. The company structure within Sophie’s is vertical with Jin Lee as the managing director of the company. Vertical organizational structure is where power and decision making is centred at the top and authority moves from the top to bottom. Since Jin Lee is also the founder of the company and is very passionate about the organization, she maintains a rigid control over the organization. Directly working Jin Lee are the managers of the company which include Store Manager, Design Manager, Supply Chain Manager and Marketing Manager.

Organisational Change and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Organisational Change and Leadership - Essay Example Using the example of Property Services Agency privatisation already embarked upon in the United Kingdom, the report will review the issue of organisational change and leadership, while giving a thorough analysis of the agency, conducting empirical research of the problem within the limits of current time period, and in accordance to established legislation. The end of the report will identify the ultimate conclusions on the effectiveness of the privatisation processes for both, the government that has taken the object to its privacy, and for the object of privatisation itself that has either started to perform more successfully, or experienced to meet the downfall in its operational activity. When speaking of organisational change - n important tool in management that is aimed to provide sustainable development and constant growth, - it is worth to mention leadership which is vital quality of manager who is eager to come with the best solution and outcome for the planned change or innovation. Being a private organisation, PSA aims to provide, manage, maintain, and furnish the property used by the government, including defence establishments, offices, courts, research laboratories, training centres and land until restructure and organisational change have come into play and imposed PSA to government's privacy. Within the leadership literature, researchers have sought to identify and describe effective leadership from various perspectives. Universal theories proposed that the same leader traits (e.g., for a review, see Bass, 1990) or behaviors (e.g., Bowers & Seashore) create favorable results in all situations. An inability to consistently predict effectiveness (for a review, see Yukl, 1989) led to the development of situation-contingent theories. Researchers postulated that a leader's effectiveness would be moderated by situational variables that either intensified or decreased the effects of a leader's traits (e.g., Fiedler, 1967) and behaviors (e.g., House, 1971; Vroom & Yetton, 1973). Research testing the utility and predictive value of this real-trait, real-behavior research has produced mixed results ( Yuki, 1989). More recently, an alternative, cognitive-attribution approach has been developed to explain the link between leader performance and perceptual processes ( Lord & Maher, 1990). Research suggests that leadership perceptions, indeed, may often be based on both traits ( Lord, De Vader, & Alliger, 1986) and behaviors and events ( Calder, 1977; Meindl & Ehrlich, 1987; Meindl, Ehrlich, & Dukerich, 1985). Rather than attempting to understand a leader's effectiveness in terms of real traits and behaviors, however, this interpretation is based on observers' subjective realities, as described by more general accounts of person perception and information processing ( Lord, 1985) or attribution theory ( Calder, 1977). In other words, leadership is in the eye of the beholder. A leader may assert influence stemming from several different bases of power (e.g., French & Raven, 1959). The success or failure of an influence attempt depends, however, on whether the influence target actually accords such power to the leader. Without follower responsiveness, leader power is meaningless. The specific relationship between

ITM501 MoD 3 Case the internet as social media Essay

ITM501 MoD 3 Case the internet as social media - Essay Example Social network is a very useful tool for advertisement in our era. Social media is a virtual network where people can view, create and share different information. For marketers, social media is the most convenient way to reach maximum number of customers at the same time. As people can share their ideas and opinions via social media, the company has an opportunity to get feedback from social media. Social media is different from other traditional media in terms of reach, frequency, performance, immediacy. With the change in lifestyle, social media has gained popularity among individuals, especially among the young, as it is very fast. In our case it will be discussed how far social media is able to provide business with new information. Impact on information availability to business: use of social media The case of Dave Carroll and the incident with his musical instrument, a guitar, during his flight from Toronto to Nebraska with the United Airline brings to our attention the effect iveness of social media in providing useful and new information related to the business houses. The United Airlines, being a Fortune 25 company, did not take heed of the concerns of the young musician, Dave Carroll. The United Airlines ignored his claim that his guitar was damaged and devalued by the United Airlines personnel during the journey as a result of mishandling of his guitar and baggage. In order to make his point and gain support against the airline giant, the slender musician used the social media on the Internet to make a viral response with the support of billions in the community (Al-Deen &   Hendricks, 2011). The social media on the Internet uses its unique features of connectivity as well as immediacy to reach out to millions of members in the community very easily through videos, public messages, etc. Social media has a rippling effect in terms of spreading the message across the communities and making new and useful information available to the companies (Sigala ,  Christou, &  Gretzel, 2012). In this case, the preparation of the video by the musician, which cost hardly $200 helped him to send the message of his dissatisfaction with the customer service provided by the United Airlines (Harvard Business School, 2010). The information spread like a virus, and it easily reached the top of the management of the United Airlines. This information is of extremely high value to the United Airlines as it is publicly available and, along with it, the image and goodwill of the company is affected. Thus the availability of the information in social media creates an impression in the minds of the customers and impacts the interest levels of the consumers to access the services of the company (Kerpen, 2011). In this case, the availability of the information from Dave Carroll and the entire description of the event of breaking of his guitar were displayed by the musician on YouTube. This information reached very easily the management, and this helped the top management to limit the risk of loss of goodwill and the loss of revenues due to reduction in the customer base. There are, however, various other alternatives where the information on the operations, customer service and customer grievance is readily available to the business. This helps the companies to assess the value of brand image in the market and the acceptability of its services

Netball Strategic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Netball Strategic Planning - Essay Example Additionally, communities are also very important because it is the need of the communities that determine the areas in which netball will be displayed. Talent should also be considered when strategically planning for netball. The young boys and girls will need to have, and, if not, acquire the knowledge and skills of working together willingly and effectively. They will also need the skills required for the sport. Further, performance is a necessity in strategically planning for netball because the performance of the youth that participate in netball will illustrate the effectiveness of the coaching staff. The performance of the youth will also determine the people that will consist within the coaching staff. Volunteers play an effective role in the strategic planning of netball, and it is the performance of the youth that will determine the amount of volunteers that will be needed to help. The volunteers aid the coaching staff in developing the talent of the young boys and girls so that they will be able to play the sport effectively. Funding is also very important in strategically planning for netball because it will better enable the communities and the schools to devise a plan that will be effective for the youth, coaches and volunteers that are participating in netball. Additionally, the funding will, more often than not, determine the facilities in which

African-American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

African-American History - Essay Example Larsen, in her novel attempts to sketch out the Reconstruction Era through the portrayal of the two different, light skinned American African Women, Clare Kendry and Irene Redfield. Clare and Irene were childhood friends who get together after a long time sharing their bitter experiences of being born as Negroes, denied of basic rights, try to find out comfort and consolation each other. Clare and Irene were born in mixed ancestries with light skinned complexion which later adversely affecting the free flow of their life and arise the question of existence in them. The novel raises many questions on various themes like identity crisis, race, lies, sexuality and jealousy. While reading through the novel, the readers understand that the novel obviously reflecting the views of the young African Americans who are wedged with their light skinned complexion and are searching for their lost identity. The era of Reconstruction was notable for the imminent changes it brought out in the percep tions of people, especially their perception to slavery and black people. The novel mainly focuses on the ‘passing’ of the members of one class to that of the other by the illusion that this ‘pass’ will bring tremendous changes to their life and social status. The story of the novel moves on through two female characters—Clare Kendy and Irene Redfield. The novel begins with Irene reading the letter of her childhood friend, Clare. The reading of the letter enables the readers to understand the character of Clare, when Irene recollects thus; â€Å"There had been, even in those days, nothing sacrificial in Clare Kendry’s idea of life, no allegiance beyond her own immediate desire (Larsen 2).† These words clearly express the attitude of the African American people who were totally dejected and depressed after the Civil War. Irene adds that Clare was selfish, and cold, and hard. But even then she had kept with her a strange capacity of transforming warmth and

Ethical Code Of Data Collection Essay Example for Free

Ethical Code Of Data Collection Essay Ethical code is vital to any survey. Researchers today are obliged to follow the different ethical codes designed and guided by different institutions like government agencies, research agencies and marketing associations pertinent to the different countries, societies and communities. This is the first thing researchers should take into consideration while developing or designing research materials. There are ethical code enforcement bodies in almost all layers of our community from local institutions to the federal level, which has the power to control all the research related activities and their impact in the community. Research is highly affected and influenced by ethical codes. One of the major aims of the MRA (Marketing Research Association) ethical code is that while conducting research; researchers should not act in such a way that it violates the general public laws which will discredit people’s confidence against the entire research profession. The research code of ethics is there to establish guidelines and principles to maneuver researchers to achieve the goals and objectives in a socially acceptable manner. Therefore, Marketing Research Association code of ethics guides researchers in almost all layers of their work from their research design phase of the research to the communication of findings of the research to the concerned parties. Some of the principle elements of the MRA ethical codes include: 1. People or the community should be involved as major participants in the all facets of the research. 2. Researchers should get written permission from the people in the community which will be involved in the research project. 3. All the resources (information collected from the community) are direct  assets of that community and therefore researchers should communicate the findings of research to the community and those data should be returned to the community. 4. While publishing the research findings, the community or the people associated with the research should be involved in decision making process. 5. And finally, researchers should make sure that the partners of the research (community) have agreed to make information available to the publication. Above mentioned principles are the major pillars of the MRA ethical code of research. It provides the power to the community and provides the decision making ability to those who are the members or a part of the community. MRA ethical code of research has become a key guiding principle of any research activity. How researchers design their research depends upon MRA’s ethical codes of research, review, and regulation. Respect of the individual person’s or participant’s privacy is the key focus of the research code. It is the degree of control which research participants have over the researchers about their own information and how researchers deal with that information about participants. This code of ethics provides exclusive rights to the research participants about whether to participate in the research or not. In the next level, research code of ethics prioritized the maximization of the benefits of the research to the concerned partner, community or society. A survey result or the research does not always provide advantages or the benefits the community. Therefore, another ethical code of the researchers is to maximize the possible benefits of the research and minimize the harm of research or research findings to its participants or community. Researchers should always have a sense of justice towards its research. Researchers can never include all the members or elements of its target population, therefore while selecting the sample they should be non-discriminatory. By doing so, researchers not only do justice to the participants or the community but also maximize the chances of integrity of the research findings. Another important issue of the research ethical code is the confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants. Researchers are  liable to provide highest level confidentiality of the data towards the participants. MRA research code of ethics makes sure that researchers provides complete confidentiality to its research participants unless the respondent or the participants of the research themselves waives their confidentiality. Besides these basic ethical codes of data collection, researchers should not falsify or omit collected data for any reason during the data collection process. And before collecting the data researchers should specify the methods of data collection, time and date of data collection, sampling frame and method and sampling size and these predetermined methodologies are not subject to change without the permission of the research participants. Data collectors should not reveal the information about the client or sponsor to the participants during the data collection phase without proper authorization. If the respondent wants to know about the sponsor or the clients then the data collectors can only reveal the information only to respondent with the authorization to do so by the clients or sponsor. The data collectors are liable to protect the confidentiality regarding the business of the client without the express written consent of the client and without the necessary ground to do so. If the data collectors are conducting the secondary data collection then revealing the source of the data to their client is their prime responsibility and they should not present secondary data as primary data to their clients or sponsor. If a respondent wants to withdraw or refused to participate in the middle of the data collection process then the data collectors or the researchers have no right to coerce them or make the cooperation obligatory by threatening them with anything. Researchers or the data collectors should always respect and protect the right to participate and right not to participate in the research by the respondent at any time from beginning to the end of data collection. The result of the study or the collected data is the property of the clients or the sponsor therefore, researchers or the data collectors should not at any cost share the findings of the collected data to the third party without the pre-consent of the clients or sponsor. Researchers are liable to follow the standard ethical code of data collections coordinated and enforced by the agencies like Marketing Research Association and federal agencies. References Marketing Research Association (2012). Retrieved on October 5, 2014 from www.mra-net.org Malhotra, N. K. (2010). Marketing Research an Applied Orientation (Sixth ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Emotional Intelligence Essay Example for Free

Emotional Intelligence Essay Emotional Intelligence is a very powerful tool. Emotions can enhance your thoughts, transform relationships and behavior. I realize now that I by using this tool it will allow me to understand myself better. Overcome my work-related challenges, and build healthy relationships. In the context of the role that I play in the financial organization which I work for. The settings are always very professional due to the necessity of rapid change. There is a constant need to find ways of becoming self-motivating. In discovering these tools of awareness I was able to explain to my colleagues to embrace this innovation, they can capitalize upon their special talents and skills. I work in a diverse workforce so I can understand how their emotions will change. At first I could see that the Skills assessment that I handed out to them, made them feel uneasy and a bit afraid. However, I discussed my personal score and in a way they felt more at ease. By the end of the week, all of them had handed them in. We had a question and answer session to discuss our findings. We recognized that this exercise is extremely useful in reducing the interpersonal conflicts, tensions, and even crises that are internal to all human organizations and groups. We realized that we were all capable of applying these tools to improve our everyday lives. I know that we will constantly improve profitability, productivity in the workplace. A Colleague Mike has been a good colleague of mine for about a year now. He was hired as a Private Wealth Investor catering to upscale clients interested in investing there enormous amounts of wealth within our bank. This is a highly competitive business in which a relatively small number of financial institutions compete for what can best be characterized as a niche  market of affluent clients that require excellence in terms of both product and service. Consequently these few financial institutions create a valuable competition to obtain the services of the right kind of educated, skilled, and professional Banker. These salespeople enjoy a great deal of autonomy, often bring their own customer base with them to a store or gallery, and are highly regarded via a commission scale for their efforts. Consequently, a person responsible for managing a sales force consisting of this type of professional must do a good amount of mentoring, nurturing, supporting, rewarding, and otherwise r esponding to the sales force. Members of such a sales force are themselves competitive with one another and this can and does lead to frequent conflict. In my situation, two very valued and successful sales agents working for the company were actively engaged in trying to convince one of their own customers to purchase a particularly valuable and rare painting that the owner of the business had taken in on consignment. Both of the salespeople felt that they were entitled to make the deal. My job was first, to ensure that this valuable painting was sold for the best possible price. My second task was to prevent any conflict from erupting between the two salespeople. Unfortunately, at the time, I was somewhat politically unaware of their longstanding competition at this and other companies. Marilyn Gowing (89) notes that one element of emotional competence and EI is political awareness or the ability to read a groups emotional currents and power relationships. Similarly, among the social skills needed to exercise EI effectively are conflict management, leadership, the ability to build bonds, and the ability to create group synergy in p ursuing collective goals. My own abilities in these areas were somewhat limited. I was unaware of the fact that each of the two salespeople considered me to be playing favorites, or assisting one in closing a deal to the detriment of the other. As it turned out, one sales agent brought a final and quite acceptable offer to me on behalf of his customer before the second salesperson was able to obtain agreement from his customer with respect to purchasing the artwork. My immediate response was one of great pleasure: the company had successfully sold a major work of art for an excellent profit, satisfying my employers needs and the needs of our firms original client who placed the work for sale with the expectation that the work would succeed. My subordinate sales agent was equally pleased because  he would acquire a substantial commission. Finally, I too was pleased because I would receive a commission as well. What I did not take into consideration was the anger and frustration felt by the rival salesperson. After the work of art had been sold and delivered, I h eld a small impromptu social gathering for my staff. During this gathering, I was extremely complimentary about the successful salespersons bargaining skills and salesmanship. I was completely unaware that the rival sales agent was becoming more and hostile hostile to the point where he stormed out of the gathering and resigned from the company on the very next day, citing my poor responsiveness to him as a primary reason for quitting. Analysis of the Situation Looking back on this situation, I realize that my most significant failure in terms of EI was a failure in what Goleman (40) called e-leadership. Goleman (40) said that emotionally intelligent leadership is key to creating a working climate that nurtures employees and encourages them to give their best. It is the climate created by the leader that motivates employees to success and helps employees recognize that they are valued within the organization. What I failed to recognize in managing this situation was that I had two deeply committed, talented, and valued sales agents who looked to me for support as they went about attempting to sell products. Each had a right to expect that I would provide this kind of support and certainly, both had a right to expect that I would reward them and respect their feelings. In the case of the successful seller, I more than lived up to these obligations. In the case of the frustrated sales agent who did not close the deal, I became the immediate target of his frustration over a lost sale. Looking back, I realized that I did not in any way offer this employee my sympathies for a lost sale or indicate that I understood his frustration over the lost sale. Instead, I focused all of my energy on congratulating the victor in this rivalry and I ignored the needs of an equally valuable employee. I lacked the EI to recognize that the unsuccessful salesperson felt that the small social event held immediately after the sale was closed was a further slap in the face. I also lacked an understanding of what I should have done after the situation occurred. I did not attempt, when this salesperson rather dramatically left the social gathering, to find out what was wrong and why he was angry. I assumed that my primary responsibility was to continue hosting the party and to make my  successful sales agent aware of how pleased the company was with his success. I did not, as Cherniss (19) commented, exhibit much in the way of emotional intelligence because I was completely insensitive to the very real and powerful feelings of a staff member. Even when the disgruntled sales agent returned the following day to hand in his resignation, I did not respond appropriately. I failed to recognize the very real anger that this individual felt or that much of this anger was now directed at me. I assumed that this individual   who I knew to be extremely competitive and occasionally somewhat overly dramatic   was not truly serious about leaving what had, after all, been a very profitable relationship with the company. I am afraid that I was somewhat cavalier in my response, simply suggesting that he might want to think it over before making a final decision and rather dismissively stating something to the effect there will be other sales just as good. On my behalf, I think it is important to point out that I was relatively new in a managerial position and had never received any formal training in either EI or human relations management. As Kram and Cherniss (255257) have so significantly noted, EI is something that may be inherent in most people, but it can also be expanded by means of appropriate education, development and training programs. The successful leader who uses EI effectively is not necessarily born; he is she is far more likely to be made via training and the opportunity to out new concepts and skills into practice. In my own mismanagement of the disgruntled employee, I failed to recognize that my job was to use sufficient EI to convey my own empathy for the sales agents loss and frustration, my belief in his competency to make equally important sales in the future, and my own acceptance of his sense of injured pride an achievement. I did not seek to discover what was really frustrating this individual or to learn from him what I could, as a manager, have done differently to provide him with the support and assistance he felt he lacked. While it is possible that there was nothing I could have done to change the outcome of this competition   and no evidence that had it gone differently, I would not have had an equally frustrated person to deal with   the fact of the matter is that in my enthusiasm for one staff members victory, I failed to appreciate that another staff member felt defeated. Knowing more about EI would have led me, for example, to recognize before the event occurred that a potentially dangerous rivalry had been created or  allowed to emerge within my staff that did not bode well for the company or for these individuals. Kram and Cherniss (258-259) noted that ensuring that work groups exist in relative harmony is one of the key responsibilities of the emotionally intelligent manager   somet hing that my management or mismanagement of this situation suggests I was not at the time. EI competencies are therefore important attributes of the individual who must lead a group or manage the activities of individuals who may perceive themselves to be in some type of competition with one another. In a sales organization such as that I have briefly described herein, a few very aggressive individuals may see themselves as competing for customers and commissions; they often enjoy a friendly rivalry, but in this instance my lack of EI made it impossible for me to recognize that the rivalry between the two salespeople had been building for some time to a climax. My apparent preference for one over the other was the final Straw that led the one to quit   and my inability to properly respond to that decision was further proof that I lacked EI. Had the situation taken place more recently as I was participating n this course, I would have recognized the tensions that were emerging as the two salespeople competed to be the one who would fund a buyer for a valuable work of art. I would have worked with them both to make it clear that there would be no winner or loser and I would have not rushed to publicly reward one at what could be interpreted as the expense of the other. I would have exhibited what Goleman (8) calls greater empathy for the frustration of the one and the pride and satisfaction of the other. As significantly, I believe that a manager with greater EI than I clearly possessed would have done more to eliminate the competition that had already   polarized the sales people. While there was little that could be done to change the fact that these workers were paid largely on commission and their ability to sell luxury items at high ticket prices to an admittedly small market segment   I could have created opportunities for developing team synergy that might have diminished these rivalries if not eliminating them entirely. Cherniss (111) does not that many executives and managers who are lacking in EI tend to think mainly in terms of short-term results rather than long-term outcomes and advances. In the situation described above, my focus was not on what my staff needed or their frustrations, but on selling an important item to increase th e profitability of the business. By failing  to understand that one staff member was reaching the boiling point and that I needed to demonstrate my concern an empathy, I lost a valuable employee. Summary and Conclusions This essay has examined the concept of EI and applied elements of the concept to a real-work professional situation n which this writer was an actor. The point of the discussion is to illustrate how ordinary situations in the professional environment can and should be approached with respect to their emotional undertones and content. A leader or a manager with high EI is less likely to allow such conflicts as I have described to escalate to the point of losing a valuable employee. In addition, the leader or manager who is high in EI displays empathy and inculcates in staff members a sense that they are valued for all of their contributions to the organization. Had I been able to reach out to the disgruntled salesperson and make him aware of the fact that this was merely a temporary setback and had I demonstrated successfully that he was valuable to the organization, it is quite likely that the outcome would have been substantially different. While not all conflicts involving employees can be resolved this easily, EI does much to prevent such problems. References Goleman, D. 1995. Emotional intelligence_._ New York: Bantam books. Goleman, D. 1998. Working with emotional intelligence_._ New York: Bantam Books.

Vigenère Cipher C Program

Vigenà ¨re Cipher C Program Write a C program to implement a Vigenà ¨re cipher. You may use whatever IDE you wish but the program must be compile with the standard gcc compiler. Your program should give the user the option to either encrypt or decrypt a message. The user should be prompted to enter the passphrase to be entered and the keyword to be used in the cipher. The output should be text printed to stdout. Comments should be used to explain the rationale behind the design of your code. You must also provide a critical analysis as to the robustness of the Vigenà ¨re cipher and provide a recommendation as to whether or not it would be it would be sufficient for use in communications between colleagues within a non-technical environment. C Programme /* Vigener Ciper*/ /*This is the program to Encrypt and to Decrypt the text using the Vigener ciper method*/ /* User has to choose the option either to Encrypt or to Decrypt */ /*The user has to enter the text to be Encrypted and the Key to*/ /*The user has to enter the Encrypted Text and Key to Decrypt the text*/ #include #include main() { int select;// variable declairation int i,j; char passphrase[256]; char keyword[33]; int value; while(1)// infinite loop { printf(n1.Encrypt n);// Display options for the user printf(2.Decryptn);// Encrypt or Decrypt scanf(%d,select);// read the option selected if (select == 1) { printf(Please Enter Message to be encryptedn);//text to be encrypted scanf(%s,passphrase); printf(Please Enter keywordn); // key word scanf(%s,keyword); for(i=0,j=0;i { if(j>=strlen(keyword))// repeat the key word { j=0; } value = (((passphrase[i])-97)+((keyword[j])-97)); //logic (passphrase+key)%26 printf(%c, 97+ (value %26)); // display Encrypted text } } else if (select == 2) { printf(Please Enter Encrypted Message to be Decryptedn); //text to be decrypted scanf(%s,passphrase); printf(Please Enter keyn);//key scanf(%s,keyword); for(i=0,j=0;i { if(j>=strlen(keyword)) { j=0;// repeate the key } value = ((passphrase[i])-96)-(keyword[j]-96); //logic (passphrase-key)%26 if( value { value = value * -1; //make the value positive } printf(%c,97 + (value % 26)); // display dencrypted message } } else printf(Please Choose a correct optionn); } } Introduction The c-program gives the user to choose either to encrypt or to decrypt a message. The user will be prompted to enter the passphrase to be entered and the keyword to be used in the cipher. Vigenere cipher is a form of polyalphabetic substitution cipher which is used for encrypting a plain text. Vigenere cipher can be explained by Caesar cipher method of encryption. In a Caesar cipher encryption method, every letter of the plain text is shifted to some number of places where as in vigenere cipher every letter is shifted with different shift values. Method of Encrypting and Decrypting The logic to obtain the cipher text by vigener cipher is by modular addition of plaintext and repeating keyword. The formula for the encryption is as follows C(i) = T(i) + K(i) (mod 26) C(i) i-th letter of the cipher text T(i) i- th letter of the plain text K(i) i-th letter of keyword (Key word will be repeated at its end) Similarly, the logic to decrypt the message is by modular subtraction of Encrypted text and keyword The formula for the decryption is T(i) = C(i) K(i) (mod 26) C(i) i-th letter of the cipher text T(i) i- th letter of the plain text K(i) i-th letter of keyword (Key word will be repeated at its end) The flow of the c- program is explained by the bellow flowchart Flow chart for the C-program 1. Encryption Flow chart for Decryption Function Robustness of the vigenere cipher When the Vigener cipher was first invented and came into use, it was difficult to break as it uses 26 different cipher alphabet. Vigenere cipher is a polyalphabetic cipher and these kinds of ciphers are difficult to decipher because of their resistance to letter frequency analysis and the same text will not be encrypted with same key each time. In the year 1854 a British cryptographer Charles Babbage found the method to decipher the message. The vulnerability for vigenere cipher is repetition of key When a word in plain text repeats it gives the hint to guess the length of the key Once the length of the key is found it is easy to crack the vigenere cipher The above example illustrates how the vigener cipher can be cracked. The plain text used in this is maths is short for mathematics and keyword used is key. Since the plain text contains the word math twice, cipher text also contains the same encrypted text WERR twice with 15 letters apart. Now it can be guessed that keyword must be a factor of 15. 1,3,5,15 are the factors, if it is 1 then it is simple caesar cipher , key word cant be of 15 letter in this case, between 3 and 5 it can be found easily by closely analyzing the ciphertext. Recommendation Considering the colleges within the non-technical environment Vigenere cipher can be recommended because, As the vigener cipher is difficult to break since it uses 26 different cipher alphabets. The method of encryption is difficult to understand by non-technical people. Without the key, it is difficult to decrypt the message Conclusion Vigener cipher is implemented by using the c-program and the flow of the program is explained with the help of flow chart. Vigener cipher is critically analyzed and its robustness is explained. Recommendations are made on use of this method for the communication between colleges in non-technical environment.      Ã‚   Reference http://crypto.interactive-maths.com/kasiski-analysis-breaking-the-code.html

Structure, Language and Characterisation of Conan Doyles Sherlock Holm

The structure language and characterisation of Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes In this essay I am going to analysis and investigate the structure, language and characterisation of the detective fiction genre. Using the Sherlock Holmes stories; which combined strong fictional story lines with ruthless and clever villains; they are regarded as some of the best collection of examples of storybooks. Sherlock Holmes is a literary character, created by Arthur Conan Doyle in four novels and 56 short stories published between 1887 and 1927. The pioneering author of the detective genre was an American writer and poet called Edgar Allan Poe. The first ever story was "Murders in The Rue Morge". This was the first to feature the locked room mystery, which is a critical an inspiring element for the detective genre. It baffles the police and the public but is effortlessly solved with simplicity by the stories hero. Who is intelligent and analytical superior to the law enforcements? This is an additional common tradition in the genre; were the police seem to be deficient in perfection acuteness in Neanderthal ways. Conan Doyle started writing in 1887 with his first story "A Study in Scarlet"; the story introduces Holmes and his companion Dr.Waston. A great majority of these stories involve mystery. The heart of the story concerns the search for clues or evidence. While there is certainly a good variety of plot structures within the Sherlock Holmes), it is safe to say that a majority of the short stories follow the following pattern of motifs fairly closely. Many of these are also found in Poe's Dupin stories. The story begins at 221B Baker Street, the residence of the great detective and his sidekick narrator, ... ... his disguise.the two things that the reader wonders about in "A Case of Identity":isHow could Mary Sutherland be fooled by her stepfather's disguise and why didn't Holmes tell her the truth about Hosmer Angel?. Was Windibank secretly attracted to Mary all along so he just married her? If so, then why didn't he marry her in the first place, instead of her mother? Or is Windibank just a greedy and selfish fool, who concocted what seemed a harmless way to keep Mary and her income at home for a bit longer? In all , the stories written by Conan Doyle are an intelligent fictional series .I some times thought that Doyle would have had to of been an gifted man or of known something about detective work to write such an intricate set of stories. Which show ruthless clever villains and Sherlock Holmes who powers of observation baffle any one who reads into it .

Nigrescence Model of Racial Identity Development Essay -- Psychology

In 1971, William E. Cross, Jr., Ph.D., a Black psychologist and prominent researcher (specializing in Black psychology) developed a framework for assessing how black Americans come to understand what it means to be Black. Dr. Cross introduced his ideologies as the â€Å"Nigrescence Model of Racial Identity Developmentâ€Å". He asserts that every black American must undergo a series of identity stages to develop a healthy and balanced understanding of the Black experience and become well-rounded in our global society. This model encompasses five stages of identity development, which Dr. Cross emphasizes, must be performed in order to successfully accomplish this goal. The first stage of Black racial identity development refers to the pre-encounter stage. This depicts the juncture in life when a black American displays a lack awareness of his/her own race and is uninterested in racial differences (to include those that affect Blacks). This stage delineates two types of identities, namely the â€Å"anti-Black† and â€Å"assimilationâ€Å" clusters. The anti-Black pre-encounter stage represents a cluster of black Americans that take pride in White standards, values, and beliefs; they view the White race and culture as emblems of beauty and perfection. These people hold a high level of hatred for the Black race and openly expresses their opinion on the matter. In contrast, the assimilation pre-encounter stage represents a cluster of black Americans that exhibits low salience for being Black. This cluster does not blatantly express hate for the Black race, however, they prefer to identify themselves with being something other than black Americ ans. They embrace color blindness and maintain a race-neutral demeanor towards humanity. Whether classified within ... ...of many concepts forwarded by academicians that inaccurately assesses identity development. Dr. Cross conceptualized theories are oversimplified, as they implicate all black Americans as unified in their upbringing; family structure; values systems, beliefs, economic status, level of education, and exposures to racial indifference; which is clearly inaccurate. Simplistic models of this sort exclude an individual’s experiential background, which provides important variables to consider when assessing one’s comprehension of what it means to be black. Further, Dr. Cross’ model failed to explicate a connection between identity and psychological functions. It is vitally important that we suspend these types conceptual theories that label and classify our experiences, and develop accurate psychological theories that encompasses all variables that makes us who we are.

Superconductivity Essay -- essays research papers

Superconductivity INTRODUCTION We've all heard about superconductivity. But, do we all know what it is? How it works and what are its uses? To start talking about superconductivity, we must try to understand the how "normal" conductivity works. This will make it much easier to understand how the "super" part functions. In the following paragraphs, I will explain how superconductivity works, some of the current problems and some examples of its uses. CONDUCTIVITY Conductivity is the ability of a substance to carry electricity. Some substances like copper, aluminium, silver and gold do it very well. They are called conductors. Others conduct electricity partially and they are called semi-conductors. The concept of electric transmission is very simple to understand. The wire that conducts the electric current is made of atoms which have equal numbers of protons and electrons making the atoms electrically neutral. If this balance is disturbed by gain or loss of electrons, the atoms will become electrically charged and are called ions. Electrons occupy energy states. Each level requires a certain amount of energy. For an electron to move to a higher level, it will require the right amount of energy. Electrons can move between different levels and between different materials but to do that, they require the right amount of energy and an "empty" slot in the band they enter. The metallic conductors have a lot of these slots and this is where the free electrons will head when voltage (energy) is applied. A simpler way to look at this is to think of atoms aligned in a straight line (wire). if we add an electron to the first atom of the line, that atom would have an excess of electrons so it releases an other electron which will go to the second atom and the process repeats again and again until an electron pops out from the end of the wire. We can then say that conduction of an electrical current is simply electrons moving from one empty slot to another in the atoms' outer shells. The problem with these conductors is the fact that they do not let all the current get through. Whenever an electric current flows, it encounters some resistance, which changes the electrical energy into heat. This is what causes the wires to heat. The conductors become themselves like a resistance but an unwanted one. This explains why only 95% of the power... ...vious afterwards. It's as if the train was "surfing" on waves of voltage. THE MAGSHIP Another interesting application is what is referred to as the magship. This ship has no engine, no propellers and no rudder. It has a unique power source which is electromagnetism. The generator on the boat creates a current which travels from one electrode to another which go underwater on each side of the ship. This makes the water electrically charged. This only works in salt water because pure water would not conduct the current. The magnets which are located on the bottom of the ship would produce a magnetic field which will push the water away making the ship move forward. There are a lot of problems related with that. The magnetic field could attract metallic objects and even other ships causing many accidents. CONCLUSION As time goes by, transition temperature, critical field (maximum magnetic field intensity that a superconductor can support before failing), current capacity and all other problems are improving slowly. But, at least they show that we are moving in the right direction. A lot of people are getting interested in that field since it promises a lot for the future.

Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Essay

An organized crime is a group of three or more people of a formalized structure and the main object is to obtain money through an illegal activities. This definition is one of many for organized crime, there are five types of organized crime, and there are two models that are used to describe the structure of organized crime and even though both of these are models of organized crime, they are both different. These models are: 1. Bureaucratic or Corporate Model 2. Patron-client or Patrimonial Model The Bureaucratic model is different than Patron-client for the following reasons: * Bureaucratic model is efficiency is the prime factor for large operations or activities. * This model follows the characteristics of Weber’s and Taylor’s model. * Once activities expand, the bureaucratic structure becomes necessary to control the enterprise with rules, hierarchy, specialization, and means of communication. * Some examples of this structure are Colombian cartels and the outlaw biker groups. * A more susceptible to law enforcement efforts The Patron-client model is different than the Bureaucratic Model for the following reasons: * Patron-client is based on bonds that tie organizations together * Provides aid and protection while clients become a loyal member. * Offers the advantage of continuity. * This model is less centralized and has more control over subordinates. * It requires more of a complex law enforcement effort. * Often uninvolved in actual criminal activity and only provides information on targets for the client to rob or steal. Both models are similar in the following reasons: 1. Benefit law enforcement, researchers, society, and professionals 2. Supporting Research, statistics, facts, and convincing arguments 3. Information presented on organizational structure, purpose and cause, members, and clientele 4. These models are tools that provide answers to questions 5. They offer an explanation to why people engage in illegal activities 6. How criminal organizations develop 7. Why most criminal organizations are successful. The models are important for understanding organized crime because each provides a wide range of beneficial information. Models can display what geographical locations are more prone to the development of criminal organizations. It allows us law enforcement the ability to implant methods that will deter, prevent, detect, and apprehend people involved with illegal organizations. There are two different models in an organized crime with both having their differences and similarities, they are both important for understanding an organized crime. References Lyman, M. D., & Potter, G. W. (2007). Organized Crime (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Mallory, PhD, S. L. (2007). Understanding Organized Crime. Sandbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publisher, Inc.

Elsewhere: Life and Curtis Jest

The sweet Elsewhere by Gabrielle Zevin is spectacular. Throughout the nurse in that location argon many characters that diserve to be menti superstard. Elizabeth Marie H alone, a corresponding know as Liz or Lizzie is the main character. Owen swell is her boy ace. Thandi is her best friend that she meets on the boat. Aldous Ghent is her mentor and friend. Betty is Lizs naan. Emily Welles is Owens wife. Alvy is Lizs br early(a). Curtis Jest is the rock track she met on the boat. Lucy is Lizs pug, Jen is Owens frankfurter and Sadie is Lizs dog. Amadou Bonamy is the man who form Liz, and Zooey, Lizs best friend on Earth.Liz is fifteen, feel forward to spell sixteen and acquiring her drivers license, when eerything changes. Shes riding her bike, scarce three months from impetuous a car preferably of utilise her bike as her main stylus of transportation, when she is hit by a car. She wakes up on a ship, sharing a room with a little girl named Thandi who has what looking s the exchange fits of a bul exclusivelyowhole in the spikelet of her head. Liz doesnt look like she normally does, either she doesnt digest any haircloth. In this dream, as she thinks it is, things atomic number 18 a little weird.There atomic number 18 no modern electronic devices on the ship, and e actuallyone with the take awayions of herself, Thandi, and Lizs favorite singer, Curtis Jest, is over 80. After observance her own funeral (used by her high rail principal as an opportunity to call on the carpet on traffic safety), Liz realizes that this is no dream. Nor is it just her life study. Liz is unused. She was killed in a car crash, and, in the world skillfully created by Gabrielle Zevin, this is where raft go once they die. On a ship. Of course, boats have to go somewhere, and this one ultimately lands in Elsewhere. The afterlife, though not as anyone on earth imagined it.In Elsewhere, for one thing, heap age backwards. Liz will neer playing period sixte en ( exactly theyll still let her ache a drivers license) instead, shell be turning fourteen again, under the c atomic number 18 of her dead grandmother, who is surprisingly young (about the same age as Lizs mother). Elsewhere, though the people convey younger rather than sexagenarianer, is a handle like earth. Some artists continue their gravel form here (you shag see sore paintings by Picasso ), just as they did on earth. Marilyn Monroe is a psychiatrist. E very(prenominal)thing you mountain contract on Earthmusic, books, artworkyou can find Elsewhere.Elsewhere, Liz thinks, could have been a walk to the contiguous town or an hours ride in the car or an overnight sheet trip. It shouldnt be too hard adjusting to this remunerate? Betty athletic supporters her to resolve these odours by convincing her to take a new melodic line as a counsellor in the art objecting of domestic animals, at which blot Lizzie begins to tardily leave her routine of ceremonial occasio n her family and instead is vown a new motif to her new life. However, Lizzie is still plagued by the displeasure she feels towards the driver responsible for her death, he is a murderer, he is my murderer.Here Zevin uses repetition to show this anger. Lizzie survives strongly determined to make him pay up for what he has make, and she manages to find a certified portal known as The Well, to take her family and tell them who it was that were responsible for her death. how far be you? it depends on what you mean by expiry sorry if this is a spoiler to others merely yeah the book pretty oft ends how youd expect, liz and owen grow younger to outfoxher, for go bad to read, drift off teeth, and live a very well-chosen childhood together. it ends with liz creation shipped back crossways the ocean as a baby, and her rebirth. wen is cared for by his ex when hes a baby, and betty and curtis are happy together. the end. Well, its been a while, precisely, basically, she decid es that she cant adjust to life on Elsewhere so she wants to go back to Earth with that one twelvemonth plan(I cant remember what they called the plan). Once they release her she decides at the last minute that she doesnt want to go back to Earth, that shell miss all of her friends from Elsewhere. She wiggles clear of the wrappings and then gets lost for a pas de deux of days at the nooky of the ocean.Owen refuses to give up on looking for her and he finds her heretoforetually and they live happily ever after haha I think thats what happens, unless Im not for sure Like I said, its been a while. In the beginning of the novel, a dog is telling us that her owner, Liz, has died. I think the dog explains that the girl was on her bike and was killed by a tip-and-run taxi driver, but we may get that information later. She goes down the river to be direct back to earth after she is done aging backwards. The guy that she was seeing was like 2.Anyway, the story shifts to the dead girl, Liz, who wakes up on a cruise ship in the middle of the ocean. She does not have hair and does not really know how she got there. She finds another(prenominal) girl, Thandi, who claims she was shot in the head out front waking up on the ship. Liz excessively recognizes and befriends a man named Curtis, who was a illustrious musician. Most of the others on the ship are old people, and all of them are in pajamas all of the cadence. Thats all Liz knows until later, when Thandi and Curtis tell her theyre all dead.Liz refuses to throw this for a ample time, even though she watches her own funeral through binoculars on the ship. Anyway, the ship docks in a place called Elsewhere. Liz finds that there is no God, but her grandmother, whom shed never met, comes to meet her. Liz goes to live with her, and she learns that in Elsewhere, people age backwards until they live babies again, at which point theyre reborn. For a long time, Liz throw aways all of her time watching her pick o ut ones back on earth. She tries to contact them, at one point diving to the bottom of the ocean to use some classification of underwater well to speak with her brother.The military officer in charge of catching people who do that saves her (not her life, as she cant die, but saves her all the same) and eventually helps her contact her brother. Through the brother, she is able to tell her father about the natal day gift shed hidden under the floorboards. This is enough to give her peace, and shes able to adjust. She and the officer, Owen, basically ancestry in love. Liz also goes to work circumstances pets who have died learn to adjust (she can speak to them), while Thandi takes a job as an announcer.There are more than snags Owens wife dies and creates a brief love triangle, though Owen eventually chooses Liz, as he died young and he no durable has much in common with his wife. Anyway, Curtis ends up marrying Lizs grandmother, Liz becomes happy. She becomes the director of h er department, is happy to welcome her dog when she finally dies, and even forgives the man whod killed her when he arrives in Elsewhere years later. She also spends a good decade or more with Owen before the both of them become too young and have to get ensnare to be reborn.The book ends on a sad noteLiz grandmother (who was older when she died and thus has longer to spend in Elsewhere), has been lovingness for baby Liz and gets her ready for rebirth. The group goes to the shore (they put the babies in the ocean, and the current carries them to earth), Owen not really caring until the end, after Liz is gone and he has a brief flash of memory of what she meant to him. He starts crying but quickly forgets again (hes only two at this point and is universe cared for by his wife). The novel ends with Liz being born to another mother and feeling eager to start another life. very one else on the boat was over 80 EXCEPT Curtis Jest, Thandi, and Liz CONFLICT/ line The conflict or problem encountered would be that, number one of all, she is dead. Second of all she cant get over the fact that she abominates that she is in Elsewhere. The third gear problem is that she is aging backwards everyday. bottom to the day she was born. SETTING The setting or place this book took place is start-offly on a cruise ship. Thats where she woke up. hence the cruise ship takes her to elsewhere and that is where the biggest part of the book takes place. THEMES I think there are a couple themes of this book.The first one is that eventually you have to accept who you are or where you are. It gets harder and more down(p) if you dont. Lizzie had trouble coming to terms with things. She scorned elsewhere but she finally certain the fact she was dead. Number two would be that things can be bad but in the end everything will be alright. Lizzie didnt like that she ended up in elsewhere but realized that being happy is the best thing that she could do for herself. The third theme for me would be forgiveness. Liz hates the hacker driver for killing her but notices that her hate for him wont make things better for anyone.Forgiveness is very important in life. Elsewhere tells the story of a fifteen year old girl, Elizabeth Liz Hall, who dies in a bicycle stroke and wakes up to find herself traveling on a boat called the SS Nile. There, she meets a girl who had been shot and a famous psyche who had died of a drug overdose. After watching her own funeral, Liz realizes that she is truly dead. Soon afterwards, she and the other passengers arrive in what is known as Elsewhere. She meets her grandmother, who had died before Liz was born, and Liz begins to live with her.In Elsewhere, Liz learns, everyone ages backwards from the day they died to the day they turn zero, and then they are sent back to Earth to be reincarnated as a baby. Liz misses her life on Earth, and becomes obsessed with watching her family and friends through Observation Decks, she tried to chatter to her family a few times, which she gets caught and meets Owen. She is depressed, and sees no lawsuit to do anything since she is dead, but in time she makes new friends in Elsewhere who help her come to terms with the fact that she has died.She can talk in canine, which she at first was unaware of. Gradually, she learns that a life lived backwards is not much different to a life lived forwards. Elsewhere is an original, interesting heap of things that is somewhere between the heaven and nut house spoken of by most religions as has been said, this afterlife is a lot like an extension of life on earth, only backwards. It seems like a nice place, a happy place to beexcept for what it takes for people to get there.

Perception and reality of technology

Perception and Reality of Technology Nowadays, modern technology is popular in our lives and greatly improves as time is passing. Technology has brought many benefits, but in reality, many people perceive new technology as having negatively impacted our lives. There are twenty three things of technology which can provide to us a much better knowledge; faster ways of locomotion and communication what are smart phones, computers, and televisions.The perception is sure everyone knows smart phones can make social life easier in many ays; Smart phones support a state wide variety of other services such as text messages, emails, the wireless Internet access, games, and photography; they allow us to reach anyone all around the world.Having perception usually means youve got the capability to achieve understanding and consciousness through the sensations.Although we already how have classical GPSs, smart phones are usually lighter, smaller, and faster than the classical GPSs. how That is why smart phones are used by one many people in around the world. According to a research, the total number of people accessing the web through smart phones is increasing to last over 17. 4% of worldwide internet usage (Fox).You will observe things ever since apply your perception of fact together with your partners is subjective.

Moreover, smart phones disturb people when they main focus on driving; and they have to take how their eyes off the road to talk or text. It is very risky and dangerous to everyone in and around the car. According to a report in 2009 in he U.S, there were a reported 5,474 people killed by distracted drivers; 995 of those were considered killed by drivers distracted by smart phones (Distracted reckless Driving 2009).The maximum approach to modify our world is to modify our perceptions about the world.Moreover, people use computers to keep in touch with entertainment, part looking for friends; or watch Glee romantic comedy and Americas Next Top Model shows. On the other hand, in reality, people sometimes abuse computers. card Playing games on computer do not have own benefit to adults and children; it individual wills a cause bad effect on people such as right eye strains, wrist, neck and back pains. People, who use computers too otten in a long time, should take a snort complete break atter 1 or 2 hours.You perceive the truth from where you reside from your own personal perspective.

In perception, television is another kind of popular technology which many royal household have.They can be operated either by battery or electronics. Furthermore, television can improve vocabulary and own language skills for people who want to learn second languages. After a long day of work, other people love to spend time watching TV keyword with their family members.Could be a reflection of the fact, or it may be distorted.Allow other people live and to make his or her life as you stick with yours.But controlled your life is, its never the identical day.

Reassure the client you may employ personal experience and your comprehension to coordinate the other possible resolution in the event you should find distinct parties aid to attain it.Your mind can only concentrate on a new single thing at one time.The logical mind is essential.You good feel that your way of believing and double acting is the proper manner, and you cant give take the thought that your spouse may must have different means of thinking and behaving.

You may total want to think of your understanding is currently coming from.Perception late may really make a difference in failure or success.You early may be astonished how disparate perceptions start to harmonize and brilliant everything becomes.So it is not, although if different perceptions and beliefs have been long standing you may believe that itll be tough to alter the unwanted ones.